@book{501,
  author = {Hossein Modarressi},
  title = {Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi'ite Islam: Abu Ja'far ibn Qiba al-R{\={a}}zi and His Contribution to Im{\={a}}mite Shi'ite Thought},
  abstract = {<p><span style={\textquoteright}background: white; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 107\%; font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;{\textquoteright}>The years 260{\textendash}329/874{\textendash}941, known among the Sh{\^\i}{\textquoteright}ites as the period of Minor Occultation, comprised undoubtedly the most difficult and critical period in the history of Im{\^a}mite Sh{\^\i}{\textquoteright}ism. The death of the eleventh Imam, with no apparent successor, resulted in internal conflicts, many desertions and conversions, and the emergence of numerous splinter groups and subsects within the Im{\^a}mite community. Contemporary Im{\^a}mite theologians had the difficult task of defending the doctrine against attack while trying to offer new interpretations of fundamental principles to accommodate contemporary developments. Abu Jafar b. Qiba al-Razi, one of the most prominent and active Im{\^a}mite theologians, had a major role in all of these reconstructions and developments. The present work attempts to shed light on some aspects of the Im{\^a}mite doctrine during the Minor Occultation and on the contributions of Abu Jafar b. Qiba to the formation of the developed Im{\^a}mite doctrine. The second part of this volume contains the texts of three short works of this scholar, together with their English translation.</span></p>
 },
  year = {1993},
  publisher = {Darwin Press},
  address = {Princeton, NJ},
  isbn = {0878500952},
  language = {eng},
}